Effects of sperm DNA fragmentation index on semen parameters and pregnancy outcomes in intrauterine insemination / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the correlation of the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) level with semen parameters and pregnancy outcomes of artificial insemination of the husband (AIH) in the cycle of intrauterine insemination (IUI).@*METHODS@#We collected the clinical data on 777 cases of IUI, including female clinical indicators, male semen parameters, sperm DFI and pregnancy outcomes. According to the DFI level, we divided the patients into three groups: DFI < 15%, 15% ≤ DFI < 30% and DFI ≥ 30%.@*RESULTS@#The sperm DFI level was significantly elevated with the increased age of the males (P = 0.002) and closely related to the total number of motile sperm (P = 0.002) and total sperm motility (P = 0.000) before treatment, as well as to sperm concentration (P = 0.000), total sperm motility (P = 0.001) and total number of progressively motile sperm (P = 0.000) after density gradient centrifugation. The rate of clinical pregnancy was decreased in the DFI ≥ 30% group. There were no statistically significant differences between sperm DFI and the rates of clinical pregnancy and abortion.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Male age significantly affects the sperm DFI level. Sperm DFI is closely related to sperm motility and total number of progressively motile sperm, but not to the rates of clinical pregnancy and abortion in patients undergoing IUI. IUI can be used as an effective method of assisted reproduction for male infertility./.

Effect of secretin on the expression of cPLAand mPGEs-1 in mouse endometrial stromal cell during early pregnancy / 生理学报

Secretin, a gastrointestinal peptide, has been found to be expressed in mouse endometrial stromal cells (mESCs) during early pregnancy. In order to further investigate the function of secretin during embryo implantation, the expression levels of secretin, secretin receptor, cytosolic phospholipase A(cPLA) and membrane prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGEs-1) were detected in the mice uterus from day 4 to 8 of pregnancy by real-time PCR, ELISA and in situ hybridization. mESCs isolated and cultured from day 4 of pregnancy were transfected with secretin expression vectors or treated with H89, a PKA inhibitor. Then the expression levels of cPLA, mPGEs-1 and cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB) were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot. The concentration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE) in the supernatant was determined by ELISA. The result showed that secretin, cPLAand mPGEs-1 mRNA expression increased gradually in implantation sites from day 5 to day 7 of pregnancy with the same tendency. The secretin levels in serum were significantly higher on days 6, 7 and 8 of pregnancy than that on day 5 of pregnancy. The concentration of secretin was significantly higher in implantation sites on days 6, 7 than that in non-implantation site on day 5. Transfection of secretin expression vector promoted cPLA, p-cPLAand mPGEs-1 expressions in mESCs, but not PGElevel in the supernatant. H89 could effectively inhibit the expression of CREB, p-CREB, p-cPLAand cPLAinduced by secretin. The results showed that the increased secretin expression in mESCs during embryo implantation may promote p-cPLA, cPLAand mPGEs-1 expression, and the promotion may be through PKA signaling pathway.

Protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate against sperm abnormality in mice / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on mouse sperm in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 64 six-week-old male Kuming mice were randomly divided into eight groups of equal number to be treated with normal saline (negative control), Cyclophosphamide (CP) at 30 mg/kg (positive control), and CP followed by EGCG (experimental) at 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg, respectively, given every other day for 10 days. At 4 and 5 weeks after treatment, the bilateral testes of the mice were harvested for examination of sperm abnormality.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>EGCG did not increase the rate of CP-induced sperm abnormality in the mice, but reduced it instead with the prolonged time of treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EGCG protects mouse sperm in vivo.</p>

Waist-hip ratio correlates with the levels of reproductive endocrine hormones in abdominally obese males / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the impact of abdominal obesity on the production of male reproductive endocrine hormones.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study included 342 male patients at the andrology clinic, aged 19 -47 years and higher than 160 cm. We measured their waistlines, hiplines and waist-hip ratio, detected the levels of serum estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and free testosterone (FT) by chemiluminescence and radioimmunoassay, and analyzed the correlation of the waist-hip ratio with the levels of reproductive endocrine hormones. Abdominal obesity was defined as the waist-hip ratio > 0.9.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 342 male patients, there were 62 cases of abdominal obesity and 280 cases of the normal somatotype (waist-hip ratio < or = 0.9). The waist-hip ratio was negatively correlated with the T level (r = -0.163, P = 0.003) and the T/LH ratio (r = -0.13, P = 0.02). Both the T level and T/LH ratio were significantly reduced in the abdominal obesity patients ([14.51 +/- 4.53] nmol/L and 2.26 +/- 0.36) as compared with the normal somatotype controls ([17.21 +/- 4.23] nmol/L and 4.61 +/- 0.19) (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The waist-hip ratio has a significant negative correlation with the T level and T/LH ratio, and the serum T level is significantly lower in men with abdominal obesity than in those of the normal somatotype.</p>

Mutation analysis of NF2 gene and clinical investigation in a Chinese family with neurofibromatosis type II / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To report a heterozygous RNA-splicing mutation (IVS3+ 3A to C) of NF2 gene in a Chinese family with autosomal dominant neurofibromatosis type II and investigate the relationship between the genotype and phenotype.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The proband with bilateral vestibular schwannomas underwent gamma knife radiosurgery two years earlier. DNA of blood samples from all affected individuals, suspected individuals and unaffected relatives of the family was extracted and amplified to detect the polymorphisms at loci D22S1150 and D22S268 that are linked with the NF2 gene. Two-point LOD score was calculated. The promoter region, 17 exons and exon/intron boundaries of NF2 gene were amplified and sequenced for the proband. The exon 3/intron 3 boundaries of NF2 gene was amplified and sequenced for the other 3 patients, 1 suspected individual, 9 unaffected members of the family and 150 unrelated controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The result of two-point linkage analysis suggested that NF2 gene was a candidate gene (Zmax= 2.109, θ = 0.00, locus D22S1150). DNA sequencing revealed a heterozygous splicing mutation in intron 3 (IVS3+ 3A to C) for the proband. Identical mutation was also observed in the other 3 patients and 1 suspected individual. No mutation was found in the 9 normal family members and 150 unrelated controls, which was consistent with the clinical diagnosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This is the first report of familial neurofibromatosis type II with a splicing mutation of IVS3+ 3A to C of the NF2 gene. The mutation might be responsible for the neurofibromatosis type II in the family.</p>

Effects of semen analysis on human sperm movement parameters at different times after semen collection / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of the computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) on human sperm movement parameters at different times after semen collection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-two semen samples with sperm density > or = 20 x 10(6)/ml and sperm liquefaction time < 20 min were placed in a incubation box at the temperature of 37 degrees C. Then the seminal parameters were analyzed with the computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) system at 20, 30, 60 and 90 min after semen collection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The percentages of grade a and b sperm were significantly lower at 30, 60 and 90 min than at 20 min (P < 0.05), so were the percentages of grade c sperm at 60 and 90 min than at 20 and 30 min (P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in the percentage of grade c sperm between the 20-min and 30-min groups (P > 0.05). The percentages of grade a + b and a + b + c sperm were also significantly lower at 30, 60 and 90 min than at 20 min (P < 0.05). The beat cross frequency (BCF) was significantly higher at 30 min than at 20 min (P < 0.05), while the lateral head amplitude (ALH) significantly lower at 90 min than at 30 min (P < 0.05). The sperm wobbliness (WOB) was significantly higher while the curvilinear velocity (VCL) significantly lower at 90 min than at 20 and 30 min (P < 0.05). Straightness (STR) at 30, 60 and 90 min, and average path velocity (VAP) and straight line velocity (VSL) at 90 min were significantly lower than at 20 min (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in sperm density, average motion degree (MAD) and linearity (LIN) among the four groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The interval between semen collection and sperm routine analysis needs to be standardized. The results of this study suggest that sperm movement parameters of normal liquefied semen samples are relatively constant at 30 -60 min after semen collection.</p>

Ureaplasma urealyticum infection in the genital tract reduces seminal quality in infertile men / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) infection, analyzed the influence of Uu infection on the seminal quality and the accessory genetical gland function in male infertility patients, and investigate its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We cultured 202 semen samples collected from male infertility patients and analyzed the influence of Uu infection on seminal parameters and the biochemical indexes of the seminal plasma.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The Uu infection rate was 33.7% in the infertile males, with no statistic differences between the Uu positive and negative groups either in the average age (28.9 +/- 4.7 yrs vs 29.6 +/- 4.0 yrs, P = 0.250) or in the seminal quantity (2.93 +/- 1.32 ml vs 2.86 +/- 1.52 ml, P = 0.774). The sperm density, motility and vitality were (84.37 +/- 52.92) x 10(6) ml, (44.62 +/-22.13) % and (38.40 +/- 15.61) % in the Uu positive group, significantly lower than (101.90 +/- 43.90) x 10(6) ml, (51.83 +/- 19.88) % and (44.45 +/- 15.47) % in the Uu negative group (P = 0.025, P = 0.036 and P = 0.020). The seminal pH value was normal in both of the groups, but significantly higher in the Uu positive than in the negative group (7.32 +/- 0.10 vs 7.19 +/- 0.29, P = 0.003). VCL, VSL, VAP and MAD were significantly lower, while BCF was significant higher in the former than in the latter [(33.97 +/- 8.96) microm/s vs (39.70 +/- 8.14) microm/s, t = 4.113, P < 0.001; (22.29 +/- 6.06) microm/s vs (25.20 +/- 6.67) microm/s, t = 2.684, P = 0.008; (25.96 +/- 6.83) microm/s vs (30.02 +/- 6.81) microm/s, t = 3.537, P < 0.001; 46.60 +/- 13.68 vs 54.23 +/- 15.14, t = 3.112, P = 0.002; (6.12 +/- 1.89) Hz vs (5.22 +/- 1.64) Hz, t = 3. 164, P = 0.002]. All the five indexes were influenced by Uu infection. Compared with the negative group, the seminal plasma alpha-glucosidase was significantly decreased in the positive group [(40.0 +/-18.7) U/ml vs (47.9 +/- 21.0) U/ml, t = 2.248, P = 0.026], and the risk of the decrease was 2.12 times higher. No statistic difference was observed in seminal plasma acid phosphatase and seminal plasma fructose between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Uu infection in the genital tract is an important factor of seminal quality reduction in infertile men and may cause a decreased secretion of alpha-glucosidase in the epididymis, but it hardly influences the prostate and seminal vesicle.</p>

Follicle-stimulating hormone autoantibody is involved in idiopathic spermatogenic dysfunction / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>AIM</b>To detect the anti-follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) antibody in idiopathic infertile patients and fertile subjects in order to determine the role of this antibody in patients with spermatogenic dysfunction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The anti-FSH antibody in serum was detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The functional and structural integrity of the sperm membrane was evaluated with hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) test and the ultrastructure of the spermatozoa was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The extent of positive FSH antibody in the patients with oligozoospermia and/or asthenozoospermia was significantly higher than that in the fertile subjects and infertile patients with normal sperm concentration and motility, but it was significantly lower than that in the patients with azoospermia. The extent of anti-FSH antibody in the patients with azoospermia was significantly greater than that in patients with oligospermia and/or asthenospermia, infertile people with normal sperm density and motility and fertile people. The hypo-osmotic swelling test showed that the percentage of HOS-positive spermatozoa (swollen) was 45.1 mu 3.5% in the FSH antibody-positive group and 59.1% micro 6.2% in the FSH antibody-negative control group. The percentage of functional membrane damage to spermatozoa was significantly higher in the anti-FSH antibody-positive group than in the control group. TEM showed that the outer acrosomal membrane was located far from the nucleus, and detachment of the acrosome was found in the FSH autoantibody-positive group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These data suggest that the presence of anti-FSH antibody is strongly correlated with the sperm quantity and quality in idiopathic male infertility. Anti-FSH antibody may be an important factor causing spermatogenic dysfunction and infertility.</p>

AZF microdeletions are not related with recurrent spontaneous abortion / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between azoospermia factor (AZF) microdeletions of the Y-chromosome and recurrent spontaneous abortion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We collected 26 chorionic villus samples from abortive male embryos and 51 blood samples from the husbands whose wives had recurrent spontaneous abortion, extracted genomic DNA from the samples and detected 12 STSs in the AZFa, AZFb and AZFc regions of Yq11.2 by amplification multiplex PCR.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>AZF microdeletions were found neither in the chorionic villus samples nor in the blood samples.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is no relationship between AZF microdeletions and recurrent spontaneous abortion.</p>

Evaluation of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells in the peripheral blood of recurrent spontaneous abortion patients / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the role of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (CD4+ CD25+ Tr) in the pathogenesis of recurrent spontaneous abortion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Peripheral blood samples were collected from 29 women with unexplainable recurrent spontaneous abortion (the URSA group) and another 20 with normal pregnancy (the control group). The percentage of CD4+ CD25+ Tr in the peripheral blood was measured by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rate of CD4+ CD25bright Tr in the URSA patients ([1.98 +/- 0.96]%) was significantly lower than that in the control group ([3.21 +/- 1.25]%, P < 0.05), while the percentages of CD4+ CD25+ and CD4+ CD25dim and the ratio of CD4+ CD25bright/CD4+ were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>URSA might be associated with the decreased percentage of CD4+ CD25bright Tr, which plays an important role in fetomaternal immunologic tolerance.</p>

Determination of plasma homocysteine in oligospermia and/or asthenospermia patients / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the level of fasting plasma homocysteine (Hcy) in patients with oligospermia and/or asthenospermia and to investigate its clinical significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Semen quality analyses and fasting plasma Hcy determination were performed for 86 infertility patients (21 with oligospermia, 32 with asthenospermia and 33 with oligo-asthenospermia) and 19 normal fertile volunteers. The results were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The level of plasma Hcy was significantly higher in the infertility patients than in the normal controls (P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with sperm concentration (r = -0.433, P < 0.01), the percentage of grade a sperm (r = -0.303, P < 0.05) and the percentage of grade a+b sperm (r = -0.339, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The increased level of human plasma Hcy directly or indirectly affects spermatogenesis and correlates negatively with oligospermia and/or asthenospermia.</p>

Observation of spermatogenic cells for infertile patients with Y-chromosomal microdeletion / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the spermatogenic function of the infertile patients with Y-chromosomal microdeletion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-five 23-44 years old patients with microdeletions of Y chromosome were included in this study. Three semen analyses confirmed that 26 cases were non-obstructive azoospermia and 9 oligospermia with sperm count < 1 x 10(6)/ml. They were divided into 3 groups by the locus of deletion, 5 cases of AZFa + b + c deletion in group 1, 4 cases of AZFb + c and 3 cases of AZFb deletion in group 2, and 23 cases of AZFc deletion in group 3. Semen was collected and centrifuged, the supernatant removed and the centrifugate applied on the clean slides after dilution. Following Wright's-Giemsa staining, the slides were viewed under the microscope. Testis histopathological biopsy was performed for 6 of the cases.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In group 1, no spermatogenic cells were observed but only Sertoli cells in 1 case, with a consistency between the result of spermatogenic cell test and that of testis biopsy. In group 2, spermatogenic cell tests revealed spermatocytes in 6 cases, 2 were proved by testis biopsy with sperm maturation arrest in the primary spermatocyte stage, and spermatogenic cells of all developmental stages were seen in 1 AZFb deletion patient with the same sperm maturation arrest as the above two. In group 3, only primary spermatocytes were detected by spermatogenic cell test in 5 oligospermia patients but no spermatogenic cells in the 15 azoospermia cases, and biopsy revealed 2 cases of Sertoli cell-only syndrome.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The spermatogenic cell test can effectively assess the spermatogenic function of AZF deletion patients. Non-invasive and easily accepted by patients, it is highly recommendable for the evaluation of spermatogenesis of patients with Y-chromosomal microdeletion.</p>

A preliminary study of pre-analysis quality control for semen analysis / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss how some pre-analysis processes influence the results of semen analysis and how to minimize their influence on the accuracy of laboratory results based on the concept of total quality management (TQM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We conducted semen quality analyses for 21 male volunteers, who had abstained from tobacco and alcohol for over 72 days for the purpose of fertilization, before and after the abstinence, and obtained their seminal parameters at 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 hours after semen sample collection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sperm concentration, sperm motility and the percentage of grade a + b sperm were significantly higher after the abstinence of tobacco and alcohol than before (P < 0.01). With the lengthening of post-ejaculation time, there was a significant decrease in sperm motility and the percentage of grade a + b sperm (P < 0.05), but not in sperm concentration (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A lot of factors may affect the results of semen analysis, including the subjects' habits of drinking and smoking and the length of time after semen collection. Therefore, every procedure of semen analysis has to be dealt with very carefully so as to meet the requirements of TQM and achieve most reliable results for clinical use.</p>

Comparison of the parameters obtained by sperm quality analyzer V and computer-aided sperm analysis system / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the differences between the main parameters obtained by sperm quality analyzer V (SQA-V) and computer-aided sperm analysis system (CASA), and to investigate their application to sperm quality analysis for fertile and infertile men.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve fresh semen samples from fertile volunteers and 73 from infertility patients were detected with SQA-V and CASA for sperm concentration and motility, the percentage and concentration of motile sperm, sperm motility index (SMI), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), beat cross frequency (BCF), curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), linearity (LIN = VSL/VCL) and straightness (STR = VSL/VAP). The correlation between the parameters obtained by the two devices were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Significant differences were observed in the above parameters between the fertile and infertile groups. An obvious consistency was noted between the results from SQA-V and those from CASA in sperm concentration (r = 0.58, P < 0.01), motile sperm concentration (r = 0.75, P < 0.01) and average sperm velocity (r = 0.59, P < 0.01). Significant correlations were found between the SMI from SQA-V and STR, LIN, BCF, VCL, VSL and VAP from CASA (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is a consistency between the results from SQA-V and those from CASA. Both the devices can detect the seminal differences between different cohorts of patients.</p>

Semen biochemical markers and their significance in the patients with premature ejaculation / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the changes of biochemical markers in the semen of premature ejaculation patients and investigate the correlation of the markers with premature ejaculation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-six premature ejaculation patients and 60 males with normal sexual behavior were enrolled in this experiment. Acid phosphatase, alpha- glucosidase and fructose were assayed by the methods of glucose oxidase, disodium phenyl phosphate and disodium phenyl phosphate respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The contents of acid phosphatase, alpha-glucosidase and fructose were (36.37 +/- 31.33) U/ml, (39.97 +/- 22. 09) U/ml and (3.40 +/- 1.92) mg/ml in the premature ejaculation patients and (54. 27 +/- 20. 96) U/ml, (55.71 +/- 16.19) U/ml and (2.55 +/- 1.12) mg/ml in the normal control, respectively, with significant differences in the former two markers between the two groups. The rate of the abnormal content of both acid phosphatase and alpha- glucosidase was 31% and 13% (P < 0.05) , while that of the normal content of the three markers was 10% and 33% in premature ejaculation group and the control, respectively (P < 0. 05 ).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The abnormality of both acid phosphatase and alpha-glucosidase is one of the causes of premature ejaculation. Because acid phosphatase and alpha- glucosidase reflect the functions of the prostate and epididymis, we should pay attention to the status of these two organs in the treatment of premature ejaculation.</p>

Clinical, molecular and cytogenetic studies on 4 patients with 46, XX (SRY positive) male syndrome / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the clinical, molecular and cytogenetic features of 46, XX (SRY positive) male syndrome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical features of 4 patients with 46, XX (SRY positive) male syndrome were analyzed retrospectively. Karyotyping, FISH, PCR amplification of the SRY gene, and Y-chromosome microdeletion were performed to study their molecular cytogenetic features.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The Four patients were all sociopsychologically males of short stature and came to hospital for infertility. Physical examination revealed that their testes were small in volume and soft in texture, but their penes were normal. Semen analyses showed complete azoospermia. Detection of serum sexual hormone suggested hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. All were karyotyped as 46, XX. Molecular analyses revealed the presence of the SRY gene and absence of AZFa, b and c of the Y chromosome. FISH analysis showed that SRY genes were translocated to Xp in 3 of the patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Phenotypically 46, XX (SRY positive) male patients are males generally, for the presence of the SRY gene in the whole genome and azoospermia due to the deletion of AZF. The clinical characteristics of the patient include testis dysgenesis, infertility and short stature. The long arm of the Y chromosome might contain the gene associated with body height. Extensive molecular and cytogenetic studies on 46, XX male syndrome may help to elucidate its genotype-phenotype relation.</p>

A survey of sexual psychology and attitude of Chinese peace-keepers in Liberia / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the sexual psychology and sexual attitude of the Chinese peace-keepers in Liberia, attempting a correct guidance and psychological intervention in this aspect.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In the middle of the mission tour, a survey was conducted among 314 Chinese male peace-keeping soldiers with a self-designed questionnaire.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>More than 90% of the soldiers learned some sexual knowledge by themselves; quite a proportion of them were relatively deficient in sexual knowledge and lacked sexual education; 77% of them were afraid of AIDS even after sexual education. Married soldiers showed more maturity in sexual psychology than</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Appropriate psychological intervention the unmarried(P <0.05) , but with no differences in sexual attitude( P >0. 05). and guidance directed at the particulate population of peace-keepers may help them adopt a rational attitude towards their sexual drive and desire and convert, their sexual energy into further impetus to better creative performance in the peace-keeping mission.</p>

Detection of sexual hormone in semen of patients with idiopathic azoospermia or oligospermia and its significance / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To detect the sexual hormone level in semen of patients with idiopathic azoospermia and oligospermia, and further analyze the relationship between sexual hormone and idiopathic azoospermia and oligospermia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>50 male patients with idiopathic azoospermia, 50 in idiopathic oligospermia and 50 male controls with normal sperm density were selected. The sperm density and sexual hormone in semen were detected respectively by routine semen analysis and chemical luminescence technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The values of LH were (5.19 +/- 0.67) IU/L and (4.77 +/- 0.68) IU/L, and those of FSH were (1.90 +/- 0.79) IU/L and (2.27 +/- 0.25) IU/L in idiopathic azoospermia and oligospermia respectively, and the values of LH and FSH were (2.19 +/- 0.22) IU/L and (1.61 +/- 0.14) IU/L in normal control group respectively. There were significant differences in the values of LH and FSH between idiopathic azoospermia and normal control group(P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The values of PRL were (6.25 +/- 0.51) ng/ml and (6.33 +/- 0.34) ng/ml, and those of T were (1.51 +/- 0.12) ng/ml and (1.68 +/- 0.71) ng/ml in idiopathic azoospermia and oligospermia respectively, and the values of PRL and T were (6.36 +/- 0.32) ng/ml and (1.83 +/- 0.09) ng/ml in normal control group respectively. There were no significant difference in the values of PRL between idiopathic azoospermia, oligospermia and normal control group, but there were significant differences of T between idiopathic azoospermia and normal control. Compared with 0.84 +/- 0.20 in normal control, the values of T/LH were 0.35 +/- 0.09 and 0.29 +/- 0.04 in idiopathic oligospermia and azoospermia respectively and there were significant differences(P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The changes of LH, FSH and T values may be one of the reasons that cause the dysfunction of spermatogenesis and sperm maturation in patients with idiopathic azoospermia and oligospermia. The study of semen hormone may lead to new strategies in the treatment to azoospermia and oligospermia.</p>

Advances in sperm membrane antigens / 中华男科学杂志

A series of sperm membrane antigens, the important molecular markers associated with the program of spermatogenesis and maturation of sperm, which also are for attachment of the physiological mechanism of the sperm-egg interaction and fusion and the pathological changes in the infertility, were reviewed. Some traditional crucial sperm membrane proteins, such as FA-1, PH-20, fertilin, have been cloned and sequenced, and some novel gene which encode new proteins associated with the sperm membrane also have been screened out successively. All of these provided a basement for lucubration of these proteins and the research of the contraception vaccine.

Examination and significance of semenial prostate specific antigen in infertile patients / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the significance of prostate specific antigen (PSA) examination in seminal plasma of infertile patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-five infertile patients were collected randomly. The level of PSA in seminal plasma was detected by ELISA method. The correlations between PSA and several seminal parameters including sperm density, motility and acid phosphatase (ACP) were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The PSA, ACP concentrations and sperm motility in 65 cases of abnormal liquefaction patients were obviously lower than those in normal liquefaction patients(P < 0.01). But there were no significant differences in sperm density among the three groups(P > 0.05). PSA levels were significantly correlated with ACP and sperm motility(P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The seminal PSA in infertile patients is markedly correlated with semen liquefaction. The abnormal quality and quantity of PSA can result in a depression of sperm motility and subinfertility.</p>